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The United States budget comprises the spending and revenues of the U.S. federal government. The budget is the financial representation of the priorities of the government, reflecting historical debates and competing economic philosophies. The government primarily spends on healthcare, retirement, and defense programs.
The United States budget process is the framework used by Congress and the President of the United States to formulate and create the United States federal budget.The process was established by the Budget and Accounting Act of 1921, [1] the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974, [2] and additional budget legislation.
The last time that the budget was balanced or had a surplus was the 2001 United States federal budget. Numerous sources have stated that as of 2023, a balanced budget is no longer possible without massive reductions in spending by the United States federal government according to the Congressional Budget Office [9] and several independent sources.
The Balanced Budget Act of 1997 (Pub. L. Tooltip Public Law (United States) 105–33 (text), 111 Stat. 251, enacted August 5, 1997) was an omnibus legislative package enacted by the United States Congress, using the budget reconciliation process, and designed to balance the federal budget by 2002.
A balanced budget amendment is a constitutional rule requiring that a state cannot spend more than its income. It requires a balance between the projected receipts and expenditures of the government. Balanced-budget provisions have been added to the constitutions of Germany, Hong Kong, Italy, Poland, Slovenia, Spain and Switzerland, among ...
The government budget balance, also referred to as the general government balance, [1] public budget balance, or public fiscal balance, is the difference between government revenues and spending. For a government that uses accrual accounting (rather than cash accounting) the budget balance is calculated using only spending on current operations ...
He had budget surpluses for fiscal years 1998–2001, the only such years from 1970 to 2023. Clinton's final four budgets were balanced budgets with surpluses, beginning with the 1997 budget. The ratio of debt held by the public to GDP, a primary measure of U.S. federal debt, fell from 47.8% in 1993 to 33.6% by 2000.
[23] [24] This high degree of fiscal balancing is a result of most states in the U.S. having balanced budget requirements. [25] A balanced budget requirement is a law that requires a government to balance its budget annually, such that government spending equals government revenue. [26] There are two types of balanced budget requirements: ex ...