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Top surgery involves more than a mastectomy for the treatment of breast cancer. [1] Special techniques are used to contour and reduce the chest wall, position the nipples and areola, and minimize scarring. [1] If the breast size is small, surgery that spares the skin, nipple and areola (subcutaneous nipple-sparing mastectomy) may be performed ...
Gender-affirming surgery is a surgical procedure, or series of procedures, that alters a person's physical appearance and sexual characteristics to resemble those associated with their identified gender. The phrase is most often associated with transgender health care and intersex medical interventions, although many such treatments are also ...
v. t. e. Masculinizing hormone therapy, also known as transmasculine hormone therapy or female-to-male (or FTM) hormone therapy, is a form of hormone therapy and gender affirming therapy which is used to change the secondary sexual characteristics of transgender people from feminine or androgynous to masculine. [ 1][ 2][ 3] It is a common type ...
Estrogens are the major sex hormones in women, and are responsible for the development and maintenance of feminine secondary sexual characteristics, such as breasts, wide hips, and a feminine pattern of fat distribution. [ 4] Estrogens act by binding to and activating the estrogen receptor (ER), their biological target in the body. [ 14]
Brian Czerniecki, MD, a surgical oncologist at Moffitt Cancer Center, agrees. “For years, we have known that there is no survival benefit to bilateral mastectomy,” he says. “Most do it for ...
The mainstay of breast cancer management is surgery for the local and regional tumor, followed (or preceded) by a combination of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, endocrine (hormone) therapy, and targeted therapy. Research is ongoing for the use of immunotherapy in breast cancer management. Management of breast cancer is undertaken by a ...
The type of cancer Ellis had, triple-negative breast cancer, can be more aggressive. It doesn't have any hormone or protein receptors attached, and there are fewer treatment options.
v. t. e. Gender-affirming surgery for male-to-female transgender women or transfeminine non-binary people describes a variety of surgical procedures that alter the body to provide physical traits more comfortable and affirming to an individual's gender identity and overall functioning. Often used to refer to vaginoplasty, sex reassignment ...