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Malay is the national language in Malaysia by Article 152 of the Constitution of Malaysia, and became the sole official language in Peninsular Malaysia in 1968 and in East Malaysia gradually from 1974. English continues, however, to be widely used in professional and commercial fields and in the superior courts.
Bahasa Malaysia and Bahasa Melayu are used interchangeably in reference to Malay in Malaysia. Malay was designated as a national language by the Singaporean government after independence from Britain in the 1960s to avoid friction with Singapore's Malay-speaking neighbours of Malaysia and Indonesia. It has a symbolic, rather than functional ...
Bahasa Istana (Palace Language) or Bahasa Dalam (Internal Language) is a Malay sociolect used among the Brunei and Malaysian royal families either for internal communication or when announcing the affairs of the king or sultan. [1] It is a polite language that is used for interactions between individuals of different social groups, such as ...
During the first Kongres Pemuda of Indonesia held in 1926, in the Sumpah Pemuda, Malay was proclaimed as the unifying language for Indonesia. In 1945, the language which was named "bahasa Indonesia", or Indonesian in English, was enshrined as the national language in the constitution of the newly independent Indonesia.
The official language of Malaysia is the "Malay language" (Bahasa Melayu) which is sometimes interchangeable with "Malaysian language" (Bahasa Malaysia). The standard language is promoted as a unifying symbol for the nation across all ethnicities, linked to the concept of Bangsa Malaysia (lit. 'Malaysian Nation').
Yang di-Pertua Negeri (YDPN) is not a royal title, but the title of 'The Head of the State' (the 'Supreme Head') for the state of Penang, Melaka, Sabah, and Sarawak, which do not have hereditary rulers. Yang di-Pertua Negeri is installed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong. The title is sometimes translated as 'Governor' in English.
Papuan Malay. Papuan Malay or Irian Malay is a Malay-based creole language spoken in the Indonesian part of New Guinea. It emerged as a contact language among tribes in Indonesian New Guinea (now Papua, Central Papua, Highland Papua, South Papua, West Papua, and Southwest Papua) for trading and daily communication.
Nusantara (term) A gilded map in the Hall of Independence, Indonesian National Monument, Jakarta. Sabah, Sarawak, and Labuan (states and a federal territory of Malaysia), Brunei, and East Timor (sovereign countries) are also included. Nusantara is the Indonesian name of Maritime Southeast Asia (or parts of it).