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Melancholia or melancholy (from Greek: µέλαινα χολή melaina chole, [ 1] meaning black bile) [ 2] is a concept found throughout ancient [broken anchor], medieval, and premodern medicine in Europe that describes a condition characterized by markedly depressed mood, bodily complaints, and sometimes hallucinations and delusions .
Although melancholia remained the dominant diagnostic term, depression gained increasing currency in medical treatises and was a synonym by the end of the century; German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin may have been the first to use it as the overarching term, referring to different kinds of melancholia as depressive states. [15]
Counseling, antidepressant medication, electroconvulsive therapy. Melancholic depression, or depression with melancholic features, is a DSM-IV and DSM-5 specifier of depressive disorders. The specifier is used to distinguish clinically relevant subsets of causes and symptoms [1] that have the potential to influence treatment.
A mood disorder, also known as an affective disorder, is any of a group of conditions of mental and behavioral disorder [2] where a disturbance in the person's mood is the main underlying feature. [3] The classification is in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD).
The four temperament theory is a proto-psychological theory which suggests that there are four fundamental personality types: sanguine, choleric, melancholic, and phlegmatic. [ 2 ][ 3 ] Most formulations include the possibility of mixtures among the types where an individual's personality types overlap and they share two or more temperaments.
Weltschmerz. Engraving by Jusepe de Ribera depicting the melancholic and world-weary figure of a poet. Weltschmerz ( German: [ˈvɛltʃmɛɐ̯ts] ⓘ; literally "world-pain") is a literary concept describing the feeling experienced by an individual who believes that reality can never satisfy the expectations of the mind, [1] [2] resulting in "a ...
Mourning and Melancholia ( German: Trauer und Melancholie) is a 1917 work of Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis. [1] In this essay, Freud argues that mourning and melancholia are similar but different responses to loss. In mourning, a person deals with the grief of losing of a specific love object, and this process takes place in the ...
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