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Primary central nervous system lymphoma ( PCNSL ), also termed primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the central nervous system (DLBCL-CNS), [2] is a primary intracranial tumor appearing mostly in patients with severe immunodeficiency (typically patients with AIDS ). It is a subtype and one of the most aggressive of the diffuse large B-cell ...
Micrograph ( Field stain) of a diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma ( DLBCL) is a cancer of B cells, a type of lymphocyte that is responsible for producing antibodies. It is the most common form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma among adults, [1] with an annual incidence of 7–8 cases per 100,000 people per year in the US and UK.
Lymphoma. Lymphoma is a group of blood and lymph tumors that develop from lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell ). [7] The name typically refers to just the cancerous versions rather than all such tumours. [7] Signs and symptoms may include enlarged lymph nodes, fever, drenching sweats, unintended weight loss, itching, and constantly feeling ...
Orbital lymphoma is a common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that occurs near or on the eye. Common symptoms include decreased vision and uveitis. Orbital lymphoma can be diagnosed via a biopsy of the eye and is usually treated with radiotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy .
The ray tracing technique is based on two reference planes, called the input and output planes, each perpendicular to the optical axis of the system. At any point along the optical train an optical axis is defined corresponding to a central ray; that central ray is propagated to define the optical axis further in the optical train which need ...
Intraocular lymphoma is a rare malignant form of eye cancer. Intraocular lymphoma may affect the eye secondarily from a metastasis from a non-ocular tumor or may arise within the eye primarily ( primary intraocular lymphoma, PIOL ). PIOL is a subset of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL).
Rays and wavefronts. In optics, a ray is an idealized geometrical model of light or other electromagnetic radiation, obtained by choosing a curve that is perpendicular to the wavefronts of the actual light, and that points in the direction of energy flow. [1] [2] Rays are used to model the propagation of light through an optical system, by ...
Ray tracing (physics) In physics, ray tracing is a method for calculating the path of waves or particles through a system with regions of varying propagation velocity, absorption characteristics, and reflecting surfaces. Under these circumstances, wavefronts may bend, change direction, or reflect off surfaces, complicating analysis.