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Order of operations. In mathematics and computer programming, the order of operations is a collection of rules that reflect conventions about which operations to perform first in order to evaluate a given mathematical expression . These rules are formalized with a ranking of the operations. The rank of an operation is called its precedence, and ...
Möbius (or Moebius) function mu (n). mu (1) = 1; mu (n) = (-1)^k if n is the product of k different primes; otherwise mu (n) = 0. The Möbius function μ(n) is a multiplicative function in number theory introduced by the German mathematician August Ferdinand Möbius (also transliterated Moebius) in 1832. [i] [ii] [2] It is ubiquitous in ...
The multiplicative order of a number a modulo n is the order of a in the multiplicative group whose elements are the residues modulo n of the numbers coprime to n, and whose group operation is multiplication modulo n. This is the group of units of the ring Zn; it has φ ( n) elements, φ being Euler's totient function, and is denoted as U ( n ...
For conditional probabilities, see Chain rule (probability). In calculus, the product rule (or Leibniz rule [1] or Leibniz product rule) is a formula used to find the derivatives of products of two or more functions. For two functions, it may be stated in Lagrange's notation as or in Leibniz's notation as.
Multiply–accumulate operation. In computing, especially digital signal processing, the multiply–accumulate ( MAC) or multiply-add ( MAD) operation is a common step that computes the product of two numbers and adds that product to an accumulator. The hardware unit that performs the operation is known as a multiplier–accumulator ( MAC unit ...
Elliptic curve scalar multiplication is the operation of successively adding a point along an elliptic curve to itself repeatedly. It is used in elliptic curve cryptography (ECC). The literature presents this operation as scalar multiplication, as written in Hessian form of an elliptic curve. A widespread name for this operation is also ...
In mathematics, particularly in linear algebra, matrix multiplication is a binary operation that produces a matrix from two matrices. For matrix multiplication, the number of columns in the first matrix must be equal to the number of rows in the second matrix. The resulting matrix, known as the matrix product, has the number of rows of the ...
In quaternionic formalism the choice of an orientation of the space corresponds to order of multiplication: ij = k but ji = −k. If one reverses the orientation, then the formula above becomes p ↦ q −1 p q, i.e., a unit q is replaced with the conjugate quaternion – the same behaviour as of axial vectors. Alternative conventions