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2. Order of operations - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_operations

   Order of operations. In mathematics and computer programming, the order of operations is a collection of rules that reflect conventions about which operations to perform first in order to evaluate a given mathematical expression . These rules are formalized with a ranking of the operations. The rank of an operation is called its precedence, and ...

3. Second-order logic - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second-order_logic

   Each of the variables just defined may be universally and/or existentially quantified over, to build up formulas. Thus there are many kinds of quantifiers, two for each sort of variables. A sentence in second-order logic, as in first-order logic, is a well-formed formula with no free variables (of any sort).

4. Quantifier (logic) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantifier_(logic)

   Quantifier (logic) In logic, a quantifier is an operator that specifies how many individuals in the domain of discourse satisfy an open formula. For instance, the universal quantifier in the first order formula expresses that everything in the domain satisfies the property denoted by . On the other hand, the existential quantifier in the ...

5. Expression (mathematics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expression_(mathematics)

   Expression (mathematics) In mathematics, an expression or mathematical expression is a finite combination of symbols that is well-formed according to rules that depend on the context. Mathematical symbols can designate numbers ( constants ), variables, operations, functions, brackets, punctuation, and grouping to help determine order of ...

6. First-order logic - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First-order_logic

   First-order logic uses quantified variables over non-logical objects, and allows the use of sentences that contain variables, so that rather than propositions such as "Socrates is a man", one can have expressions in the form "there exists x such that x is Socrates and x is a man", where "there exists" is a quantifier, while x is a variable. [1]

7. Commutative property - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commutative_property

   In mathematics, a binary operation is commutative if changing the order of the operands does not change the result. It is a fundamental property of many binary operations, and many mathematical proofs depend on it. Perhaps most familiar as a property of arithmetic, e.g. "3 + 4 = 4 + 3" or "2 × 5 = 5 × 2", the property can also be used in more ...

8. Product (mathematics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_(mathematics)

   Product (mathematics) In mathematics, a product is the result of multiplication, or an expression that identifies objects (numbers or variables) to be multiplied, called factors. For example, 21 is the product of 3 and 7 (the result of multiplication), and is the product of and (indicating that the two factors should be multiplied together).

9. Algebra of random variables - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebra_of_random_variables

   the product of two random variables is a random variable; addition and multiplication of random variables are both commutative; and; there is a notion of conjugation of random variables, satisfying (XY) * = Y * X * and X ** = X for all random variables X,Y and coinciding with complex conjugation if X is a constant. This means that random ...