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In finance, a day count convention determines how interest accrues over time for a variety of investments, including bonds, notes, loans, mortgages, medium-term notes, swaps, and forward rate agreements (FRAs). This determines the number of days between two coupon payments, thus calculating the amount transferred on payment dates and also the ...
The discounted cash flow ( DCF) analysis, in financial analysis, is a method used to value a security, project, company, or asset, that incorporates the time value of money. Discounted cash flow analysis is widely used in investment finance, real estate development, corporate financial management, and patent valuation.
Floating rate notes ( FRNs) are bonds that have a variable coupon, equal to a money market reference rate, like SOFR or federal funds rate, plus a quoted spread (also known as quoted margin ). The spread is a rate that remains constant. Almost all FRNs have quarterly coupons, i.e. they pay out interest every three months.
Internal Revenue Code § 212 ( 26 U.S.C. § 212) provides a deduction, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, for expenses incurred in investment activities. Taxpayers are allowed to deduct all the ordinary and necessary expenses paid or incurred during the taxable year--. (1) for the production or collection of income; (2) for the management ...
Under the U.S. tax code, businesses expenditures can be deducted from the total taxable income when filing income taxes if a taxpayer can show the funds were used for business-related activities, not personal or capital expenses (i.e., long-term, tangible assets, such as property).
A chart of accounts ( COA) is a list of financial accounts and reference numbers, grouped into categories, such as assets, liabilities, equity, revenue and expenses, and used for recording transactions in the organization's general ledger. Accounts may be associated with an identifier (account number) and a caption or header and are coded by ...
A voucher is a bond of the redeemable transaction type which is worth a certain monetary value and which may be spent only for specific reasons or on specific goods. Examples include housing, travel, and food vouchers. The term voucher is also a synonym for receipt and is often used to refer to receipts used as evidence of, for example, the ...
A tax shield is the reduction in income taxes that results from taking an allowable deduction from taxable income. [1] For example, because interest on debt is a tax-deductible expense, taking on debt creates a tax shield. [1] Since a tax shield is a way to save cash flows, it increases the value of the business, and it is an important aspect ...