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George Laurer. George Joseph Laurer III (September 23, 1925 – December 5, 2019) was an American engineer for IBM at Research Triangle Park in North Carolina. He published 20 bulletins, held 28 patents and developed the Universal Product Code (UPC) in the early 1970s. He devised the coding and pattern used for the UPC, based on Joe Woodland 's ...
A UPC barcode. The Universal Product Code (UPC or UPC code) is a barcode symbology that is used worldwide for tracking trade items in stores.. The chosen symbology has bars (or spaces) of exactly 1, 2, 3, or 4 units wide each; each decimal digit to be encoded consists of two bars and two spaces chosen to have a total width of 7 units, in both an "even" and an "odd" parity form, which enables ...
Barcode. A UPC-A barcode. A barcode or bar code is a method of representing data in a visual, machine-readable form. Initially, barcodes represented data by varying the widths, spacings and sizes of parallel lines. These barcodes, now commonly referred to as linear or one-dimensional (1D), can be scanned by special optical scanners, called ...
Norman Joseph Woodland (September 6, 1921 – December 9, 2012) was an American inventor and engineer, best known as one of the inventors of the barcode, for which he received a patent in October 1952. [1] [2] Later, employed by IBM, he developed the format which became the ubiquitous Universal Product Code (UPC) of product labeling and check ...
See the ISO 3166-3 standard for former country codes. British Virgin Islands – See Virgin Islands (British) . Burma – See Myanmar . Cape Verde – See Cabo Verde . Caribbean Netherlands – See Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba . China, The Republic of – See Taiwan (Province of China) . Democratic People's Republic of Korea – See Korea ...
n.o.s. = not otherwise specified meaning a collective entry to which substances, mixtures, solutions or articles may be assigned if a) they are not mentioned by name in 3.2 Dangerous Goods List AND b) they exhibit chemical, physical and/or dangerous properties corresponding to the Class, classification code, packing group and the name and description of the n.o.s. entry [4]
The Electronic Product Code ( EPC) is designed as a universal identifier (using an idiosyncratic numerical code for each different commodity [1]) that provides a unique identity for every physical object anywhere in the world, for all time. The EPC structure is defined in the EPCglobal Tag Data Standard, [2] which is a freely available standard.
387. Bosnia and Herzegovina. 389. Montenegro. 390. Republic of Kosovo (EAN-imposed, no GS1 Member Organisation) [ 2] 400–440. Germany (440 code inherited from former East Germany upon reunification in 1990) 450–459.