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  2. Structural functionalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_functionalism

    Structural functionalism, or simply functionalism, is "a framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability". [ 1 ] This approach looks at society through a macro-level orientation , which is a broad focus on the social structures that shape society as a whole, [ 1 ...

  3. Talcott Parsons - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talcott_Parsons

    Richard Münch. Edward Shils. Talcott Parsons (December 13, 1902 – May 8, 1979) was an American sociologist of the classical tradition, best known for his social action theory and structural functionalism. Parsons is considered one of the most influential figures in sociology in the 20th century. [17]

  4. Structure and agency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structure_and_agency

    Structure and agency. In the social sciences there is a standing debate over the primacy of structure or agency in shaping human behaviour. Structure is the recurrent patterned arrangements which influence or limit the choices and opportunities available. [1] Agency is the capacity of individuals to act independently and to make their own free ...

  5. Manifest and latent functions and dysfunctions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manifest_and_latent...

    Manifest functions are the consequences that people see, observe or even expect. It is explicitly stated and understood by the participants in the relevant action. The manifest function of a rain dance, used as an example by Merton in his 1957 Social Theory and Social Structure, is to produce rain, and this outcome is intended and desired by people participating in the ritual.

  6. Sociology of immigration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociology_of_immigration

    Structural functionalism is a sociological perspective "claiming that every society has certain structures that exist to fulfill some set of necessary functions". Drawing on the ideas of sociologist Émile Durkheim, society through this sociological lens is thought of as a living organism—similar to the nineteenth-century theory of organicism.

  7. Davis–Moore hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davis–Moore_hypothesis

    Davis–Moore hypothesis. The Davis–Moore hypothesis, sometimes referred to as the Davis–Moore theory, is a central claim within the structural functionalist paradigm of sociological theory, and was advanced by Kingsley Davis and Wilbert E. Moore in a paper published in 1945. [1] The hypothesis is an attempt to explain social stratification.

  8. Structuralism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structuralism

    Emile Durkheim based his sociological concept on 'structure' and 'function', and from his work emerged the sociological approach of structural functionalism. Apart from Durkheim's use of the term structure, the semiological concept of Ferdinand de Saussure became fundamental for structuralism. Saussure conceived language and society as a system ...

  9. Role theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Role_theory

    Role theory is a concept in sociology and in social psychology that considers most of everyday activity to be the acting-out of socially defined categories (e.g., mother, manager, teacher). Each role is a set of rights, duties, expectations, norms, and behaviors that a person has to face and fulfill. [1] The model is based on the observation ...