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Alcibiades was born in Athens. The family of his father, Cleinias, [ 3 ] had old connections with the Spartan aristocracy through a relationship of xenia, and the name "Alcibiades" was of Spartan origin. [ 4 ][ 5 ] Alcibiades' mother was Deinomache, the daughter of Megacles, head of the powerful Alcmaeonid family, and could trace her family ...
Navy. During the Greco-Persian Wars, Athens developed a large, powerful navy in the eastern Mediterranean Sea that defeated the even larger Persian Navy at the Battle of Salamis. The Athenian Navy consisted of 80,000 crewing 400 ships. [citation needed] The backbone of the navy's manpower was a core of professional rowers drawn from the lower ...
When Athens and its neighbor and rival in the Saronic Gulf, Megara, were contesting the possession of Salamis, Solon was made leader of the Athenian forces. After repeated disasters, Solon was able to improve the morale of his troops through a nationalist poem he wrote about the island. Supported by Pisistratus, he defeated the Megarians either ...
In the classical period, Athens was a centre for the arts, learning, and philosophy, the home of Plato 's Academy and Aristotle 's Lyceum, [ 2][ 3] Athens was also the birthplace of Socrates, Plato, Pericles, Aristophanes, Sophocles, and many other prominent philosophers, writers, and politicians of the ancient world.
In the realm of Athenian men's rationalization, part of the reasons for excluding women from politics came from widely held views that women were more sexual, and intellectually handicapped. Athenian men believed that women had a higher sex drive and consequentially if given free range to engage in society would be more promiscuous.
Cleisthenes ( / ˈklaɪsθɪniːz / KLYS-thin-eez; Greek: Κλεισθένης ), or Clisthenes ( c. 570 – c. 508 BC ), was an ancient Athenian lawgiver credited with reforming the constitution of ancient Athens and setting it on a democratic footing in 508 BC. [ 1][ 2] For these accomplishments, historians refer to him as "the father of ...
The Seven Sages. The Seven Sages ( Latin: Septem Sapientes ), depicted in the Nuremberg Chronicle. The list of the seven sages given in Plato 's Protagoras includes: [ 1] Thales of Miletus ( c. 624 BC – c. 546 BC) is the first well-known Greek philosopher, mathematician, and astronomer. He was said to be of Phoenician descent.
Socratic questioning. "The unexamined life is not worth living". Socrates ( / ˈsɒkrətiːz /; [ 2] Greek: Σωκράτης; c. 470 – 399 BC) was a Greek philosopher from Athens who is credited as the founder of Western philosophy and as among the first moral philosophers of the ethical tradition of thought. An enigmatic figure, Socrates ...