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2. Ray tracing (graphics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_tracing_(graphics)

   In 3D computer graphics, ray tracing is a technique for modeling light transport for use in a wide variety of rendering algorithms for generating digital images . On a spectrum of computational cost and visual fidelity, ray tracing-based rendering techniques, such as ray casting, recursive ray tracing, distribution ray tracing, photon mapping ...

3. Ray tracing (physics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_tracing_(physics)

   Ray tracing (physics) In physics, ray tracing is a method for calculating the path of waves or particles through a system with regions of varying propagation velocity, absorption characteristics, and reflecting surfaces. Under these circumstances, wavefronts may bend, change direction, or reflect off surfaces, complicating analysis.

4. Ray transfer matrix analysis - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_transfer_matrix_analysis

   The ray tracing technique is based on two reference planes, called the input and output planes, each perpendicular to the optical axis of the system. At any point along the optical train an optical axis is defined corresponding to a central ray; that central ray is propagated to define the optical axis further in the optical train which need ...

5. Bidirectional reflectance distribution function - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bidirectional_reflectance...

   The bidirectional reflectance distribution function ( BRDF ), symbol , is a function of four real variables that defines how light from a source is reflected off an opaque surface. It is employed in the optics of real-world light, in computer graphics algorithms, and in computer vision algorithms. The function takes an incoming light direction ...

6. Rendering equation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rendering_equation

   The rendering equation describes the total amount of light emitted from a point x along a particular viewing direction, given a function for incoming light and a BRDF. In computer graphics, the rendering equation is an integral equation in which the equilibrium radiance leaving a point is given as the sum of emitted plus reflected radiance ...

7. Ray casting - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_casting

   Ray-cast image of idealized universal joint with shadow. Ray casting is the methodological basis for 3D CAD/CAM solid modeling and image rendering. It is essentially the same as ray tracing for computer graphics where virtual light rays are "cast" or "traced" on their path from the focal point of a camera through each pixel in the camera sensor to determine what is visible along the ray in the ...

8. Bidirectional scattering distribution function - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bidirectional_scattering...

   BSSRDF ( Bidirectional scattering-surface reflectance distribution function or Bidirectional surface scattering RDF) [4] [5] describes the relation between outgoing radiance and the incident flux, including the phenomena like subsurface scattering (SSS). The BSSRDF describes how light is transported between any two rays that hit a surface.

9. Ray (optics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_(optics)

   Rays and wavefronts. In optics, a ray is an idealized geometrical model of light or other electromagnetic radiation, obtained by choosing a curve that is perpendicular to the wavefronts of the actual light, and that points in the direction of energy flow. [1] [2] Rays are used to model the propagation of light through an optical system, by ...