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George Pólya ( / ˈpoʊljə /; Hungarian: Pólya György, pronounced [ˈpoːjɒ ˈɟørɟ]; December 13, 1887 – September 7, 1985) was a Hungarian-American mathematician. He was a professor of mathematics from 1914 to 1940 at ETH Zürich and from 1940 to 1953 at Stanford University. He made fundamental contributions to combinatorics, number ...
Pólya urn model. In statistics, a Pólya urn model (also known as a Pólya urn scheme or simply as Pólya's urn ), named after George Pólya, is a family of urn models that can be used to interpret many commonly used statistical models . The model represents objects of interest (such as atoms, people, cars, etc.) as colored balls in an urn.
Mathematics, problem solving. Publication date. 1945. ISBN. 9780691164076. How to Solve It (1945) is a small volume by mathematician George Pólya, describing methods of problem solving. [1] This book has remained in print continually since 1945.
The Polya enumeration theorem translates the recursive structure of rooted ternary trees into a functional equation for the generating function F(t) of rooted ternary trees by number of nodes. This is achieved by "coloring" the three children with rooted ternary trees, weighted by node number, so that the color generating function is given by f ...
Problems and Theorems in Analysis (German: Aufgaben und Lehrsätze aus der Analysis) is a two-volume problem book in analysis by George Pólya and Gábor Szegő. The two volumes are titled (I) Series. Integral Calculus. Theory of Functions.; and (II) Theory of Functions. Zeros.
Urn problem. Two urns containing white and red balls. In probability and statistics, an urn problem is an idealized mental exercise in which some objects of real interest (such as atoms, people, cars, etc.) are represented as colored balls in an urn or other container. One pretends to remove one or more balls from the urn; the goal is to ...
Polya begins Volume I with a discussion on induction, not mathematical induction, but as a way of guessing new results.He shows how the chance observations of a few results of the form 4 = 2 + 2, 6 = 3 + 3, 8 = 3 + 5, 10 = 3 + 7, etc., may prompt a sharp mind to formulate the conjecture that every even number greater than 4 can be represented as the sum of two odd prime numbers.
In number theory, the Pólya conjecture (or Pólya's conjecture) stated that "most" (i.e., 50% or more) of the natural numbers less than any given number have an odd number of prime factors. The conjecture was set forth by the Hungarian mathematician George Pólya in 1919, [1] and proved false in 1958 by C. Brian Haselgrove.