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Pulse-code modulation (PCM) is a method used to digitally represent analog signals.It is the standard form of digital audio in computers, compact discs, digital telephony and other digital audio applications.
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The advantage of choosing a primitive polynomial as the generator for a CRC code is that the resulting code has maximal total block length in the sense that all 1-bit errors within that block length have different remainders (also called syndromes) and therefore, since the remainder is a linear function of the block, the code can detect all 2 ...
Worldwide distribution of country calling codes. Regions are coloured by first digit. Country calling codes, country dial-in codes, international subscriber dialing (ISD) codes, or most commonly, telephone country codes are telephone number prefixes for reaching telephone subscribers in foreign countries or areas via international telecommunication networks.
A checksum of a message is a modular arithmetic sum of message code words of a fixed word length (e.g., byte values). The sum may be negated by means of a ones'-complement operation prior to transmission to detect unintentional all-zero messages.
In 1950, Hamming introduced the [7,4] Hamming code. It encodes four data bits into seven bits by adding three parity bits. As explained earlier, it can either detect and correct single-bit errors or it can detect (but not correct) both single and double-bit errors.
A rank code is an algebraic linear code over the finite field () similar to Reed–Solomon code. The rank of the vector over G F ( q N ) {\displaystyle GF(q^{N})} is the maximum number of linearly independent components over G F ( q ) {\displaystyle GF(q)} .