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Galileo's law of odd numbers. A ramification of the difference of consecutive squares, Galileo's law of odd numbers states that the distance covered by an object falling without resistance in uniform gravity in successive equal time intervals is linearly proportional to the odd numbers. That is, if a body falling from rest covers a certain ...
Goldbach's comet; red, blue and green points correspond respectively the values 0, 1 and 2 modulo 3 of the number. The Goldbach partition function is the function that associates to each even integer the number of ways it can be decomposed into a sum of two primes. Its graph looks like a comet and is therefore called Goldbach's comet. [29]
Complex conjugate root theorem. In mathematics, the complex conjugate root theorem states that if P is a polynomial in one variable with real coefficients, and a + bi is a root of P with a and b real numbers, then its complex conjugate a − bi is also a root of P. [1] It follows from this (and the fundamental theorem of algebra) that, if the ...
Calculus. In mathematics, the harmonic series is the infinite series formed by summing all positive unit fractions : The first terms of the series sum to approximately , where is the natural logarithm and is the Euler–Mascheroni constant. Because the logarithm has arbitrarily large values, the harmonic series does not have a finite limit: it ...
Euclid–Euler theorem. The Euclid–Euler theorem is a theorem in number theory that relates perfect numbers to Mersenne primes. It states that an even number is perfect if and only if it has the form 2p−1(2p − 1), where 2p − 1 is a prime number. The theorem is named after mathematicians Euclid and Leonhard Euler, who respectively proved ...
The Natural Area Code, this is the smallest base such that all of 1 / 2 to 1 / 6 terminate, a number n is a regular number if and only if 1 / n terminates in base 30. 32: Duotrigesimal: Found in the Ngiti language. 33: Use of letters (except I, O, Q) with digits in vehicle registration plates of Hong Kong. 34
F 0 = 3, F 1 = 5, F 2 = 17, F 3 = 257, and F 4 = 65537 (sequence A019434 in the OEIS). Since there are 31 nonempty subsets of the five known Fermat primes, there are 31 known constructible polygons with an odd number of sides. The next twenty-eight Fermat numbers, F 5 through F 32, are known to be composite. Thus a regular n-gon is constructible if
Therefore, the theorem states that it is expressible as the sum of two squares. Indeed, 2450 = 72 + 492 . The prime decomposition of the number 3430 is 2 · 5 · 7 3. This time, the exponent of 7 in the decomposition is 3, an odd number. So 3430 cannot be written as the sum of two squares.