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Goldbach's comet; red, blue and green points correspond respectively the values 0, 1 and 2 modulo 3 of the number. The Goldbach partition function is the function that associates to each even integer the number of ways it can be decomposed into a sum of two primes. Its graph looks like a comet and is therefore called Goldbach's comet. [29]
Galileo's law of odd numbers. A ramification of the difference of consecutive squares, Galileo's law of odd numbers states that the distance covered by an object falling without resistance in uniform gravity in successive equal time intervals is linearly proportional to the odd numbers. That is, if a body falling from rest covers a certain ...
Calculus. In mathematics, the harmonic series is the infinite series formed by summing all positive unit fractions : The first terms of the series sum to approximately , where is the natural logarithm and is the Euler–Mascheroni constant. Because the logarithm has arbitrarily large values, the harmonic series does not have a finite limit: it ...
The Natural Area Code, this is the smallest base such that all of 1 / 2 to 1 / 6 terminate, a number n is a regular number if and only if 1 / n terminates in base 30. 32: Duotrigesimal: Found in the Ngiti language. 33: Use of letters (except I, O, Q) with digits in vehicle registration plates of Hong Kong. 34
Complex conjugate root theorem. In mathematics, the complex conjugate root theorem states that if P is a polynomial in one variable with real coefficients, and a + bi is a root of P with a and b real numbers, then its complex conjugate a − bi is also a root of P. [1] It follows from this (and the fundamental theorem of algebra) that, if the ...
Euclid–Euler theorem. The Euclid–Euler theorem is a theorem in number theory that relates perfect numbers to Mersenne primes. It states that an even number is perfect if and only if it has the form 2p−1(2p − 1), where 2p − 1 is a prime number. The theorem is named after mathematicians Euclid and Leonhard Euler, who respectively proved ...
F 0 = 3, F 1 = 5, F 2 = 17, F 3 = 257, and F 4 = 65537 (sequence A019434 in the OEIS). Since there are 31 nonempty subsets of the five known Fermat primes, there are 31 known constructible polygons with an odd number of sides. The next twenty-eight Fermat numbers, F 5 through F 32, are known to be composite. Thus a regular n-gon is constructible if
Grassmann number. In mathematical physics, a Grassmann number, named after Hermann Grassmann (also called an anticommuting number or supernumber ), is an element of the exterior algebra over the complex numbers. [1] The special case of a 1-dimensional algebra is known as a dual number. Grassmann numbers saw an early use in physics to express a ...