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Measurements of speech tempo can be strongly affected by pauses and hesitations. For this reason, it is usual to distinguish between speech tempo including pauses and hesitations and speech tempo excluding them. The former is called speaking rate and the latter articulation rate. Various units of speech have been used as a basis for measurement.
v. t. e. In linguistics, prosody ( / ˈprɒsədi, ˈprɒz -/) [1] [2] is the study of elements of speech that are not individual phonetic segments (vowels and consonants) but which are properties of syllables and larger units of speech, including linguistic functions such as intonation, stress, and rhythm. Such elements are known as ...
Emotional prosody. Emotional prosody or affective prosody is the various paralinguistic aspects of language use that convey emotion. [1] It includes an individual's tone of voice in speech that is conveyed through changes in pitch, loudness, timbre, speech rate, and pauses. It can be isolated from semantic information, and interacts with verbal ...
In general, the voice modulations needed to express strong emotions are particularly difficult for patients with Parkinson's disease. Abnormal pauses in speech are also a characteristic of Parkinsonian dysprosody, including both pauses in general speech and intra-word pauses. A decrease in speech rate can also be observed in Parkinson's patients.
Pressure of speech (or pressured speech) is a speech fast and frenetic (i.e. mainly without pauses), including some irregularities in loudness and rhythm or some degrees of circumstantiality; it is hard to interpret and expresses a (generally non-apparent) feeling/ affect of emergency. [1] [2] It is mainly a neuropsychological symptom of ...
Formulaic language (previously known as automatic speech or embolalia) is a linguistic term for verbal expressions that are fixed in form, often non-literal in meaning with attitudinal nuances, and closely related to communicative-pragmatic context. [1] Along with idioms, expletives and proverbs, formulaic language includes pause fillers (e.g ...
Fluency (also called volubility and eloquency) refers to continuity, smoothness, rate, and effort in speech production. [1] It is also used to characterize language production, language ability or language proficiency . In speech language pathology it means the flow with which sounds, syllables, words and phrases are joined when speaking ...
Turn-taking. Turn-taking is a type of organization in conversation and discourse where participants speak one at a time in alternating turns. In practice, it involves processes for constructing contributions, responding to previous comments, and transitioning to a different speaker, using a variety of linguistic and non-linguistic cues.