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Robert K. Merton (1910-2003) was an American sociologist and a founding father of modern sociology. He made significant contributions to the sociology of science, crime and deviance, and sociological theory, and coined the terms self-fulfilling prophecy and role model.
Strain theory is a perspective that explains the relationship between social structure, social values, and crime. It was developed by Robert Merton and others, and has different types of adaptation to strain, such as conformity, innovation, and rebellion.
This theory defines crime as "the harm resulting from humans investing energy in relations of power that denies or diminishes those subject to this investment, their own humanity". From the perspective of constitutive theory, a criminal is viewed as an "excessive investor", while the victim is known as a "recovering subject".
Criminology is the interdisciplinary study of crime and deviant behaviour, drawing on various disciplines such as sociology, psychology, law and anthropology. Learn about the origins, history, schools and theories of criminology, from classical to contemporary perspectives.
Critical criminology applies critical theory to examine the social and historical factors that shape crime and justice. It challenges mainstream criminology's definitions, methods, and assumptions, and explores alternative perspectives such as convict criminology, socially contingent definitions of crime, and conflict theories.
Routine activity theory is a criminological theory that explains crime as a result of the convergence of three elements: motivated offender, suitable target, and absence of capable guardian. The theory was proposed by Felson and Cohen and has been applied to various types of crimes and victimizations.
Athens developed a theory known as "The Process of Violentization" which describes four stages in the development of violent actors. Stage 1 Brutalization: Within this stage, the individual engages in violent demeanor through observation and demonstration. This stage is divided into three types of experiences: 1) violent subjugation-personally ...
The Positivist school is a criminological approach that seeks to find scientific laws and causes of criminal behavior. It includes biological, psychological, and social positivism, which focus on individual characteristics, personality traits, and environmental factors.