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In obstetrics, Leopold maneuvers are a common and systematic way to determine the position of a fetus inside the woman's uterus. They are named after the gynecologist Christian Gerhard Leopold. They are also used to estimate term fetal weight. [ 1] The maneuvers consist of four distinct actions, each helping to determine the position of the fetus.
Childbirth, also known as labour, parturition and delivery, is the completion of pregnancy where one or more babies exits the internal environment of the mother via vaginal delivery or caesarean section. [ 7] In 2019, there were about 140.11 million human births globally. [ 9] In the developed countries, most deliveries occur in hospitals, [ 10 ...
Labor is characterized by uterine contractions which push the fetus through the birth canal and results in delivery. Labor is divided into three stages. First stage of labor starts with the onset of contractions and finishes when the cervix is fully dilated at 10 cm. This stage can further be divided into latent and active labor. The latent ...
In obstetrics, a cephalic presentation or head presentation or head-first presentation is a situation at childbirth where the fetus is in a longitudinal lie and the head enters the pelvis first; the most common form of cephalic presentation is the vertex presentation, where the occiput is the leading part (the part that first enters the birth ...
Obstetrics. [ edit on Wikidata] Operative vaginal delivery, also known as assisted or instrumental vaginal delivery, is a vaginal delivery that is assisted by the use of forceps or a vacuum extractor. [1] Operative vaginal delivery is required in times of maternal or fetal distress to assist in childbirth as an alternative to caesarean section. [2]
Podalic version is an obstetric procedure wherein the fetus is turned within the womb such that one or both feet present through the cervix during childbirth. It is used most often in cases where the fetus lies transversely or in another abnormal position in the womb. In modern medicine, abnormal lies are increasingly delivered via Caesarean ...
A resuscitative hysterotomy, also referred to as a perimortem Caesarean section ( PMCS) or perimortem Caesarean delivery ( PMCD ), is a hysterotomy performed to resuscitate a woman in middle to late pregnancy who has entered cardiac arrest. [1] Combined with a laparotomy, the procedure results in a Caesarean section that removes the fetus ...
Obstetrics. ICD-9-CM. 73.91. [ edit on Wikidata] External cephalic version ( ECV) is a process by which a breech baby can sometimes be turned from buttocks or foot first to head first. It is a manual procedure that is recommended by national guidelines for breech presentation of a pregnancy with a single baby, in order to enable vaginal delivery.