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In mathematics, value may refer to several, strongly related notions. In general, a mathematical value may be any definite mathematical object. In elementary mathematics, this is most often a number – for example, a real number such as π or an integer such as 42. The value of a variable or a constant is any number or other mathematical ...
The absolute value of a number may be thought of as its distance from zero. In mathematics, the absolute value or modulus of a real number , denoted , is the non-negative value of without regard to its sign. Namely, if is a positive number, and if is negative (in which case negating makes positive), and . For example, the absolute value of 3 is ...
Glossary of mathematical symbols. A mathematical symbol is a figure or a combination of figures that is used to represent a mathematical object, an action on mathematical objects, a relation between mathematical objects, or for structuring the other symbols that occur in a formula. As formulas are entirely constituted with symbols of various ...
In probability theory, the expected value (also called expectation, expectancy, expectation operator, mathematical expectation, mean, expectation value, or first moment) is a generalization of the weighted average. Informally, the expected value is the arithmetic mean of the possible values a random variable can take, weighted by the ...
projection. A projection is, roughly, a map from some space or object to another that omits some information on the object or space. For example, R 2 → R , ( x , y ) ↦ x {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^ {2}\to \mathbb {R} , (x,y)\mapsto x} is a projection and its restriction to a graph of a function, say, is also a projection.
Mathematics is a field of study that discovers and organizes abstract objects, methods, theories and theorems that are developed and proved for the needs of empirical sciences and mathematics itself. There are many areas of mathematics, which include number theory (the study of numbers), algebra (the study of formulas and related structures ...
Equality (mathematics) In mathematics, equality is a relationship between two quantities or, more generally, two mathematical expressions, asserting that the quantities have the same value, or that the expressions represent the same mathematical object. Equality between A and B is written A = B, and pronounced " A equals B ".
In mathematical analysis, the maximum and minimum[ a ] of a function are, respectively, the largest and smallest value taken by the function. Known generically as extremum, [ b ] they may be defined either within a given range (the local or relative extrema) or on the entire domain (the global or absolute extrema) of a function. [ 1 ][ 2 ][ 3 ...