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  2. Multiplication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplication

    t. e. Multiplication (often denoted by the cross symbol ×, by the mid-line dot operator ⋅, by juxtaposition, or, on computers, by an asterisk *) is one of the four elementary mathematical operations of arithmetic, with the other ones being addition, subtraction, and division. The result of a multiplication operation is called a product .

  3. Order of operations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_operations

    Order of operations. In mathematics and computer programming, the order of operations is a collection of rules that reflect conventions about which operations to perform first in order to evaluate a given mathematical expression . These rules are formalized with a ranking of the operations. The rank of an operation is called its precedence, and ...

  4. Product (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_(mathematics)

    Product (mathematics) In mathematics, a product is the result of multiplication, or an expression that identifies objects (numbers or variables) to be multiplied, called factors. For example, 21 is the product of 3 and 7 (the result of multiplication), and is the product of and (indicating that the two factors should be multiplied together).

  5. Matrix multiplication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_multiplication

    In mathematics, particularly in linear algebra, matrix multiplication is a binary operation that produces a matrix from two matrices. For matrix multiplication, the number of columns in the first matrix must be equal to the number of rows in the second matrix. The resulting matrix, known as the matrix product, has the number of rows of the ...

  6. FOIL method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FOIL_method

    In elementary algebra, FOIL is a mnemonic for the standard method of multiplying two binomials [1] —hence the method may be referred to as the FOIL method. The word FOIL is an acronym for the four terms of the product: The general form is. Note that a is both a "first" term and an "outer" term; b is both a "last" and "inner" term, and so forth.

  7. Multiplicative group of integers modulo n - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplicative_group_of...

    In modular arithmetic, the integers coprime (relatively prime) to n from the set of n non-negative integers form a group under multiplication modulo n, called the multiplicative group of integers modulo n. Equivalently, the elements of this group can be thought of as the congruence classes, also known as residues modulo n, that are coprime to n .

  8. Permutation matrix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permutation_matrix

    Permutation matrix. In mathematics, particularly in matrix theory, a permutation matrix is a square binary matrix that has exactly one entry of 1 in each row and each column with all other entries 0. [1] : 26 An n × n permutation matrix can represent a permutation of n elements. Pre- multiplying an n -row matrix M by a permutation matrix P ...

  9. Commuting matrices - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commuting_matrices

    Commuting matrices preserve each other's eigenspaces. [1] As a consequence, commuting matrices over an algebraically closed field are simultaneously triangularizable; that is, there are bases over which they are both upper triangular. In other words, if commute, there exists a similarity matrix such that is upper triangular for all .