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Surgeries for female-to-male transgender patients have similarities to both gynecomastia surgeries for cisgender men, [2] breast reduction surgery for gigantomastia, and the separate mastectomies done for breast cancer. [3] Top surgery involves more than a mastectomy for the treatment of breast cancer. [1]
Lili Elbe was the first well-known recipient of male-to-female sex reassignment surgery, in Germany in 1930, the first being Dora Richter. She was the subject of four surgeries: one for orchiectomy, one to transplant an ovary, one for penectomy, and one for vaginoplasty and a uterus transplant. However, she died three months after her last ...
Gender-affirming surgery is known by numerous other names, including gender-affirmation surgery, sex reassignment surgery, gender reassignment surgery, and gender confirmation surgery. [3] It is also sometimes called a sex change , [ 4 ] though this term is usually considered offensive.
A 2021 meta-analysis of 27 studies concluded that "there is an extremely low prevalence of regret in transgender patients after [gender-affirmation surgery]". [34] In a January 2023 study of 1989 individuals who had undergone sex reassignment surgery, 6 individuals (0.3%) requested a reversal surgery or detransitioned. [35]
Overall, 3,215 of them had top surgery, 405 had bottom surgery and 350 of them reported undergoing other cosmetic procedures. Those between 19 and 30 years old accounted for the majority: 25,099 ...
Metoidioplasty, metaoidioplasty, or metaidoioplasty [2] (informally called a meto or meta) is a female-to-male gender-affirming surgery. [3] Testosterone replacement therapy gradually enlarges the clitoris to a mean maximum size of 4.6 cm (1.8 in) [4] (as the clitoris and the penis are developmentally homologous).
Doctor Hamburger explained the gender hormone procedure, "The first sign was an increase in size of the mammary glands and then hair began to grow where the patient had a bald patch on the temple. Finally the whole body changed from a male to a female shape". More than a year after beginning hormone therapy, Jorgensen received her first surgery.
Bowers is the first U.S. surgeon to perform clitoral restoration surgery for survivors of female genital mutilation, whom she does not charge for surgery. [15] She was trained for this specific operation under Pierre Foldès and has now performed more than 500 clitoral restorations at her clinic in San Mateo. [16]