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Sound intensity, also known as acoustic intensity, is defined as the power carried by sound waves per unit area in a direction perpendicular to that area. The SI unit of intensity, which includes sound intensity, is the watt per square meter (W/m 2 ). One application is the noise measurement of sound intensity in the air at a listener's ...
Hearing range describes the frequency range that can be heard by humans or other animals, though it can also refer to the range of levels. The human range is commonly given as 20 to 20,000 Hz, although there is considerable variation between individuals, especially at high frequencies, and a gradual loss of sensitivity to higher frequencies ...
The main instrument for measuring sound levels in the environment is the sound level meter. Most sound level meters provide readings in A, C, and Z-weighted decibels and must meet international standards such as IEC 61672-2013. Examples. The lower limit of audibility is defined as SPL of 0 dB, but the upper limit is not as clearly defined.
Equal-loudness contour. An equal-loudness contour is a measure of sound pressure level, over the frequency spectrum, for which a listener perceives a constant loudness when presented with pure steady tones. [1] The unit of measurement for loudness levels is the phon and is arrived at by reference to equal-loudness contours.
Sone. The sone ( / ˈsoʊn /) is a unit of loudness, the subjective perception of sound pressure. The study of perceived loudness is included in the topic of psychoacoustics and employs methods of psychophysics. Doubling the perceived loudness doubles the sone value. Proposed by Stanley Smith Stevens in 1936, it is not an SI unit .
Audiogram. An audiogram is a graph that shows the audible threshold for standardized frequencies as measured by an audiometer. The Y axis represents intensity measured in decibels (dB) and the X axis represents frequency measured in hertz (Hz). [1] The threshold of hearing is plotted relative to a standardised curve that represents 'normal ...
Sound exposure level (SEL) is a logarithmic measure of the sound exposure of a sound relative to a reference value. where. 20 ln 10 is the decibel. The commonly used reference sound exposure in air is [2] The proper notations for sound exposure level using this reference are LW/ (400 μPa2⋅s) or LW (re 400 μPa2⋅s), but the notations dB SEL ...
dBFS. Clipping of a digital waveform. The red lines indicate full scale, and the waveform is shown before and after hard clipping (grey and black outlines respectively). Decibels relative to full scale ( dBFS or dB FS) is a unit of measurement for amplitude levels in digital systems, such as pulse-code modulation (PCM), which have a defined ...
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