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Mathematical economics is the application of mathematical methods to represent theories and analyze problems in economics. Often, these applied methods are beyond simple geometry, and may include differential and integral calculus, difference and differential equations, matrix algebra, mathematical programming, or other computational methods.
Mathematical and theoretical biology, or biomathematics, is a branch of biology which employs theoretical analysis, mathematical models and abstractions of living organisms to investigate the principles that govern the structure, development and behavior of the systems, as opposed to experimental biology which deals with the conduction of ...
Finance refers to monetary resources and to the study and discipline of money, currency and capital assets. [a] As a subject of study, it is related to but distinct from economics, which is the study of the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. [b] Based on the scope of financial activities in financial systems, the ...
Price equation. In the theory of evolution and natural selection, the Price equation (also known as Price's equation or Price's theorem) describes how a trait or allele changes in frequency over time. The equation uses a covariance between a trait and fitness, to give a mathematical description of evolution and natural selection.
In economics, distribution is the way total output, income, or wealth is distributed among individuals or among the factors of production (such as labour, land, and capital ). [1] In general theory and in for example the U.S. National Income and Product Accounts, each unit of output corresponds to a unit of income.
Evolutionary dynamics is the study of the mathematical principles according to which biological organisms as well as cultural ideas evolve and evolved. [1] This is mostly achieved through the mathematical discipline of population genetics, along with evolutionary game theory. Most population genetics considers changes in the frequencies of ...
Colin Whitcomb Clark (born 1931) is a Professor Emeritus of Mathematics at The University of British Columbia. Clark specializes in behavioral ecology and the economics of natural resources, specifically, in the management of commercial fisheries. [1] Clark was named a Fellow of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics & Trade (IIFET ...
A dividend is a distribution of profits by a corporation to its shareholders. When a corporation earns a profit or surplus, it is able to pay a portion of the profit as a dividend to shareholders. Any amount not distributed is taken to be re-invested in the business (called retained earnings ).