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Jewish history is the history of the Jews, their nation, religion, and culture, as it developed and interacted with other peoples, religions, and cultures. Jews originated from the Israelites and Hebrews of historical Israel and Judah, two related kingdoms that emerged in the Levant during the Iron Age.
The Jewish diaspora is a wide dispersion of Jewish communities across the world that have maintained their sense of Jewish history, identity and culture. [28] In the following millennia, Jewish diaspora communities coalesced into three major ethnic subdivisions according to where their ancestors settled: the Ashkenazim ( Western Europe ), the ...
World Jewish population around 7.7 million, 90% in Europe, mostly Eastern Europe; around 3.5 million in the former Polish provinces. 1881–1884, 1903–1906, 1918–1920. Three major waves of pogroms kill tens of thousands of Jews in Russia and Ukraine. More than two million Russian Jews emigrate in the period 1881–1920.
The history of the Jews and Judaism in the Land of Israel begins in the 2nd millennium BCE, when Israelites emerged as an outgrowth of southern Canaanites. During biblical times, a postulated United Kingdom of Israel existed but then split into two Israelite kingdoms occupying the highland zone: the Kingdom of Israel (Samaria) in the north, and the Kingdom of Judah in the south.
The Jewish diaspora ( Hebrew: תְּפוּצָה, romanized : təfūṣā) or exile (Hebrew: גָּלוּת gālūṯ; Yiddish: golus) [a] is the dispersion of Israelites or Jews out of their ancient ancestral homeland (the Land of Israel) and their subsequent settlement in other parts of the globe.
Image on a pithos sherd found at Kuntillet Ajrud with the inscription "Yahweh and his Asherah". Judaism has three essential and related elements: study of the written Torah; the recognition of Israel as the chosen people and the recipients of the law at Mount Sinai; and the requirement that Israel and their descendants live according to the laws outlined in the Torah.
Hasmonean dynasty. Sanhedrin. Schisms ( Pharisees, Sadducees, Essenes, Zealots) Second Temple Judaism ( Hellenistic Judaism) Jewish–Roman wars ( Great Revolt, Diaspora, Bar Kokhba) Late Antiquity and Middle Ages. Rabbinic Judaism. History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire. Christianity and Judaism ( Jews and Christmas)
The Holocaust of the Jewish people (from the Greek ὁλόκαυστον (holókauston): holos, "completely" and kaustos, "burnt"), also known as Ha-Shoah (Hebrew: השואה), or Churben (Yiddish: חורבן), as described in June 2013 at Auschwitz by Avner Shalev (Director of Yad Vashem) is the term generally used to describe the murder of ...