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Archimedes of Syracuse[ a] ( / ˌɑːrkɪˈmiːdiːz / AR-kim-EE-deez; [ 2] c. 287 – c. 212 BC) was an Ancient Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, astronomer, and inventor from the ancient city of Syracuse in Sicily. [ 3] Although few details of his life are known, he is regarded as one of the leading scientists in classical antiquity.
The Archimedes' screw, also known as the Archimedean screw, hydrodynamic screw, water screw or Egyptian screw, [ 1] is one of the earliest hydraulic machines named after Greek mathematician Archimedes who first described it around 234 BC, although the device had been used in Ancient Egypt. [ 2] It is a reversible hydraulic machine, and there ...
The Claw of Archimedes ( Ancient Greek: Ἁρπάγη, romanized : harpágē, lit. 'snatcher'; also known as the iron hand) was an ancient weapon devised by Archimedes to defend the seaward portion of Syracuse 's city wall against amphibious assault. Although its exact nature is unclear, the accounts of ancient historians seem to describe it as ...
The Sand Reckoner ( Greek: Ψαμμίτης, Psammites) is a work by Archimedes, an Ancient Greek mathematician of the 3rd century BC, in which he set out to determine an upper bound for the number of grains of sand that fit into the universe. In order to do this, Archimedes had to estimate the size of the universe according to the contemporary ...
The siege of Syracuse by the Roman Republic took place in 213–212 BC. [ 4] The Romans successfully stormed the Hellenistic city of Syracuse after a protracted siege, giving them control of the entire island of Sicily. During the siege, the city was protected by weapons developed by Archimedes. Archimedes, the prominent inventor and polymath ...
Archimedes did not admit the method of indivisibles as part of rigorous mathematics, and therefore did not publish his method in the formal treatises that contain the results. In these treatises, he proves the same theorems by exhaustion, finding rigorous upper and lower bounds which both converge to the answer required. Nevertheless, the ...
Archimedes may have used mirrors acting collectively as a parabolic reflector to burn ships attacking Syracuse.. Archimedes is purported to have invented a large scale solar furnace, sometimes described as a heat ray, and used it to burn attacking Roman ships during the Siege of Syracuse (c. 213–212 BC).
Continuum mechanics. Archimedes' principle (also spelled Archimedes's principle) states that the upward buoyant force that is exerted on a body immersed in a fluid, whether fully or partially, is equal to the weight of the fluid that the body displaces. [ 1] Archimedes' principle is a law of physics fundamental to fluid mechanics.