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Informal organization. The informal organization is the interlocking social structure that governs how people work together in practice. [1] It is the aggregate of norms, personal and professional connections through which work gets done and relationships are built among people who share a common organizational affiliation or cluster of ...
A formal organization is an organization with a fixed set of rules of intra- organization procedures and structures. As such, it is usually set out in writing, with a language of rules that ostensibly leave little discretion for interpretation . Sociologist Max Weber devised a model of formal organization known as the bureaucratic model that is ...
Informal economy: Haircut on a sidewalk in Vietnam. An informal economy ( informal sector or grey economy) [1] [2] is the part of any economy that is neither taxed nor monitored by any form of government. Although the informal sector makes up a significant portion of the economies in developing countries, it is sometimes stigmatized as ...
The relationship between formal and informal institutions is often closely aligned and informal institutions step in to prop up inefficient institutions. However, because they do not have a centre, which directs and coordinates their actions, changing informal institutions is a slow and lengthy process.
Informal learning is characterized "by a low degree of planning and organizing in terms of the learning context, learning support, learning time, and learning objectives". [2] It differs from formal learning, non-formal learning, and self-regulated learning, because it has no set objective in terms of learning outcomes, but an intent to act ...
Informal empire, far from being distinctive and separate from formal empire, is often bound up with formal imperial interests. For example, the British informal empire in China was a product of Company rule in India, as the East India Company used its Indian territories to grow opium, which was then shipped to Chinese ports.
Informal fallacies – arguments that are logically unsound for lack of well-grounded premises. [14]Argument to moderation (false compromise, middle ground, fallacy of the mean, argumentum ad temperantiam) – assuming that a compromise between two positions is always correct.
Informal fallacies are a form of incorrect argument in natural language. [4] An argument is a series of propositions, called the premises, together with one more proposition, called the conclusion. [5] [1] The premises in correct arguments offer either deductive or defeasible support for the conclusion.