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This is a list of countries and sovereign states by temperature. Average yearly temperature is calculated by averaging the minimum and maximum daily temperatures in the country, averaged for the years 1991 – 2020, from World Bank Group , derived from raw gridded climatologies from the Climatic Research Unit .
This is a list of cities by average temperature (monthly and yearly). The temperatures listed are averages of the daily highs and lows. Thus, the actual daytime temperature in a given month may be considerably higher than the temperature listed here, depending on how large the difference between daily highs and lows is.
The red line shows direct surface temperature measurements since 1880. [ 2] Global surface temperature (GST) refers to the average temperature of Earth 's surface. It is determined nowadays by measuring the temperatures over the ocean and land, and then calculating a weighted average. The temperature over the ocean is called the sea surface ...
The global average and combined land and ocean surface temperature show a warming of 1.09 °C (range: 0.95 to 1.20 °C) from 1850–1900 to 2011–2020, based on multiple independently produced datasets. [26] : 5 The trend is faster since 1970s than in any other 50-year period over at least the last 2000 years.
Polar and alpine climates has every month of the year with an average temperature below 10 °C (50 °F). [8] [10] ET = Tundra climate; average temperature of warmest month between 0 °C (32 °F) and 10 °C (50 °F). [8] [10] EF = Ice cap climate; eternal winter, with all 12 months of the year with average temperatures below 0 °C (32 °F). [8] [10]
Land surface temperature anomalies for a given month compared to the long-term average temperature of that month between 2000-2008. [ 7 ] Sea surface temperature anomalies for a given month compared to the long-term average temperature of that month from 1985 through 1997.
Mean annual temperatures range from 10 °C (50 °F) in the south to 16 °C (61 °F) in the north. [6] The coldest month is usually July and the warmest month is usually January or February. Generally there are relatively small variations between summer and winter temperatures.
For example, the average daily high in San Francisco in July and August is between 62 and 68 °F (17 and 20 °C), [1] [2] and in Walnut Creek, some 20 miles (32 km) inland, the average daily high in July and August is 84 °F (29 °C): a temperature gain of more than one degree (Fahrenheit) per mile. [3]