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A prime gap is the difference between two successive prime numbers. The n -th prime gap, denoted gn or g ( pn) is the difference between the ( n + 1)-st and the n -th prime numbers, i.e. We have g1 = 1, g2 = g3 = 2, and g4 = 4. The sequence ( gn) of prime gaps has been extensively studied; however, many questions and conjectures remain unanswered.
Twin prime. A twin prime is a prime number that is either 2 less or 2 more than another prime number—for example, either member of the twin prime pair (17, 19) or (41, 43). In other words, a twin prime is a prime that has a prime gap of two. Sometimes the term twin prime is used for a pair of twin primes; an alternative name for this is prime ...
A simple formula is. for positive integer , where is the floor function, which rounds down to the nearest integer. By Wilson's theorem, is prime if and only if . Thus, when is prime, the first factor in the product becomes one, and the formula produces the prime number . But when is not prime, the first factor becomes zero and the formula ...
t. e. The Millennium Prize Problems are seven well-known complex mathematical problems selected by the Clay Mathematics Institute in 2000. The Clay Institute has pledged a US$ 1 million prize for the first correct solution to each problem. The Clay Mathematics Institute officially designated the title Millennium Problem for the seven unsolved ...
The fine-structure constant, α, has several physical interpretations. α is: The ratio of two energies: the energy needed to overcome the electrostatic repulsion between two electrons a distance of d apart, and. the energy of a single photon of wavelength λ = 2πd (or of angular wavelength d; see Planck relation ): α = ( e 2 4 π ε 0 d ...
In number theory, primes in arithmetic progression are any sequence of at least three prime numbers that are consecutive terms in an arithmetic progression. An example is the sequence of primes (3, 7, 11), which is given by for . According to the Green–Tao theorem, there exist arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions in the sequence of primes.
For example, among the positive integers of at most 1000 digits, about one in 2300 is prime (log(10 1000) ≈ 2302.6), whereas among positive integers of at most 2000 digits, about one in 4600 is prime (log(10 2000) ≈ 4605.2). In other words, the average gap between consecutive prime numbers among the first N integers is roughly log(N). [3]
Green–Tao theorem. In number theory, the Green–Tao theorem, proved by Ben Green and Terence Tao in 2004, states that the sequence of prime numbers contains arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions. In other words, for every natural number k, there exist arithmetic progressions of primes with k terms. The proof is an extension of Szemerédi ...
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