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Instructional design (ID), also known as instructional systems design and originally known as instructional systems development (ISD), is the practice of systematically designing, developing and delivering instructional materials and experiences, both digital and physical, in a consistent and reliable fashion toward an efficient, effective, appealing, engaging and inspiring acquisition of ...
ADDIE Model. ADDIE is an instructional systems design (ISD) framework that many instructional designers and training developers use to develop courses. [1] The name is an acronym for the five phases it defines for building training and performance support tools: Most current ISD models are variations of the ADDIE process. [2]
The Gerlach and Ely model emphasizes the cycle nature of instructional design. [1] The authors wanted to design a model which explained each component of the teaching and learning process while at the same time examining the relationship between the media and instruction. The model consists of ten elements and was constructed for teachers who ...
Instructional theory. An instructional theory is "a theory that offers explicit guidance on how to better help people learn and develop." [1] It provides insights about what is likely to happen and why with respect to different kinds of teaching and learning activities while helping indicate approaches for their evaluation. [2]
Backward design is a method of designing an educational curriculum by setting goals before choosing instructional methods and forms of assessment. Backward design of curriculum typically involves three stages: [1] [2] [3] Identify the results desired (big ideas and skills) What the students should know, understand, and be able to do.
The Knirk and Gustafson Instructional Design Model has a simplistic design as it is done in three main phases (İşman, Çağlar, Dabaj, & Ersözlü, 2005). However, the model can be used successfully by the experts and beginners alike. The Hannifin and Peck Model also uses three phases but does not have separate phases (Pappas, 2015) as it ...
Kemp's cognitive learning design model is learner-centered, thus its oval shape, and the steps are interdependent; the steps do not have to be followed in any particular order to complete the instructional learning systems design. This signifies a systems approach in which the instructional design process is a continuous cycle, while ...
Understanding by Design, or UbD, is an educational theory for curriculum design of a school subject, where planners look at the desired outcomes at the end of the study in order to design curriculum units, performance assessments, and classroom instruction. [1] UbD is an example of backward design, the practice of looking at the outcomes first ...