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  2. Ray tracing (graphics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_tracing_(graphics)

    In 3D computer graphics, ray tracing is a technique for modeling light transport for use in a wide variety of rendering algorithms for generating digital images . On a spectrum of computational cost and visual fidelity, ray tracing-based rendering techniques, such as ray casting, recursive ray tracing, distribution ray tracing, photon mapping ...

  3. Ray transfer matrix analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_transfer_matrix_analysis

    The ray tracing technique is based on two reference planes, called the input and output planes, each perpendicular to the optical axis of the system. At any point along the optical train an optical axis is defined corresponding to a central ray; that central ray is propagated to define the optical axis further in the optical train which need ...

  4. Monte Carlo method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Carlo_method

    The approximation of a normal distribution with a Monte Carlo method. Monte Carlo methods, or Monte Carlo experiments, are a broad class of computational algorithms that rely on repeated random sampling to obtain numerical results. The underlying concept is to use randomness to solve problems that might be deterministic in principle.

  5. Ray tracing (physics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_tracing_(physics)

    Ray tracing (physics) In physics, ray tracing is a method for calculating the path of waves or particles through a system with regions of varying propagation velocity, absorption characteristics, and reflecting surfaces. Under these circumstances, wavefronts may bend, change direction, or reflect off surfaces, complicating analysis.

  6. Zemax - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemax

    Zemax OpticStudio, also known simply as Zemax, is a software program used for designing and simulating optical systems. It runs under Microsoft Windows. [1] [2] [3] It can be used in the fields of optics and photonics to design and analyze lenses, cameras, telescopes, microscopes, and other optical systems.

  7. Geometrical optics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometrical_optics

    Geometrical optics. Geometrical optics, or ray optics, is a model of optics that describes light propagation in terms of rays. The ray in geometrical optics is an abstraction useful for approximating the paths along which light propagates under certain circumstances. The simplifying assumptions of geometrical optics include that light rays:

  8. Photopia Optical Design Software - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photopia_Optical_Design...

    www .ltioptics .com /Photopia /overview .html. Photopia Optical Design Software ( Photopia) is a commercial optical engineering ray-tracing software program for the design and analysis of non-imaging optical systems. Photopia is written and distributed by LTI Optics, LLC (formerly Lighting Technologies, Inc.) and was first released in 1996.

  9. Paraxial approximation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraxial_approximation

    A paraxial ray is a ray that makes a small angle ( θ) to the optical axis of the system, and lies close to the axis throughout the system. [1] Generally, this allows three important approximations (for θ in radians) for calculation of the ray's path, namely: [1] The paraxial approximation is used in Gaussian optics and first-order ray tracing ...