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The Incoterms or International Commercial Terms are a series of pre-defined commercial terms published by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) relating to international commercial law. [ 1] Incoterms define the responsibilities of exporters and importers in the arrangement of shipments and the transfer of liability involved at various ...
FOB ( free on board) is a term in international commercial law specifying at what point respective obligations, costs, and risk involved in the delivery of goods shift from the seller to the buyer under the Incoterms standard published by the International Chamber of Commerce. FOB is only used in non-containerized sea freight or inland waterway ...
The freight equalisation concept made "essential" items available at relatively constant prices throughout the country. These items included coal , steel , and cement , among many others. The idea was to promote balanced regional development of industries throughout the country, but it developed few coastal states like Maharashtra , Tamil Nadu ...
Freight transport, also referred as freight forwarding, is the physical process of transporting commodities and merchandise goods and cargo. [1] The term shipping originally referred to transport by sea but in American English, it has been extended to refer to transport by land or air (International English: "carriage") as well.
Freight audit. By definition an audit is, An examination of records or financial accounts to check their accuracy. An adjustment or correction of accounts. An examined and verified account. A freight audit vendor is therefore one who examines, adjusts and verifies freight bills for accuracy. Therefore, a freight audit is the process of ...
Freight rate. A freight rate (historically and in ship chartering simply freight [1]) is a price at which a certain cargo is delivered from one point to another. The price depends on the form of the cargo, the mode of transport ( truck, ship, train, aircraft ), the weight of the cargo, and the distance to the delivery destination.
Officially, demurrage is a form of liquidated damages for breaching the laytime as it is stated in the governing contract (the charter party). The demurrage sometimes causes a loss to the seller as it increases cost of the total freight. [3] The inverse of demurrage is despatch. If the charterer requires the use of the vessel for less time than ...
In transportation, freight refers to goods conveyed by land, water or air, [1] while cargo refers specifically to freight when conveyed via water or air. [2] [3] In economics, freight refers to goods transported at a freight rate for commercial gain. The term cargo is also used in case of goods in the cold-chain, because the perishable ...