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Freight rate. A freight rate (historically and in ship chartering simply freight [1]) is a price at which a certain cargo is delivered from one point to another. The price depends on the form of the cargo, the mode of transport ( truck, ship, train, aircraft ), the weight of the cargo, and the distance to the delivery destination.
The Incoterms or International Commercial Terms are a series of pre-defined commercial terms published by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) relating to international commercial law. [ 1] Incoterms define the responsibilities of exporters and importers in the arrangement of shipments and the transfer of liability involved at various ...
Officially, demurrage is a form of liquidated damages for breaching the laytime as it is stated in the governing contract (the charter party). The demurrage sometimes causes a loss to the seller as it increases cost of the total freight. [3] The inverse of demurrage is despatch. If the charterer requires the use of the vessel for less time than ...
Freight transport, also referred as freight forwarding, is the physical process of transporting commodities and merchandise goods and cargo. [1] The term shipping originally referred to transport by sea but in American English , it has been extended to refer to transport by land or air (International English: "carriage") as well.
FOB ( free on board) is a term in international commercial law specifying at what point respective obligations, costs, and risk involved in the delivery of goods shift from the seller to the buyer under the Incoterms standard published by the International Chamber of Commerce. FOB is only used in non-containerized sea freight or inland waterway ...
Definition and functions. A freight forwarder is an entity who co-ordinates and organizes the movement of shipments on behalf of a shipper (party that arranges an item for shipment) by liaising with carriers. [3] A carrier is an entity that actually transports goods and may use a variety of shipping modes, including ships, airplanes, trucks ...
In transportation, freight refers to goods conveyed by land, water or air, [1] while cargo refers specifically to freight when conveyed via water or air. [2] [3] In economics, freight refers to goods transported at a freight rate for commercial gain. The term cargo is also used in case of goods in the cold-chain, because the perishable ...
Containerization is a system of intermodal freight transport using intermodal containers (also called shipping containers, or ISO containers ). [1] Containerization, also referred as container stuffing or container loading, is the process of unitization of cargoes in exports.