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Cyclic redundancy check. A cyclic redundancy check ( CRC) is an error-detecting code commonly used in digital networks and storage devices to detect accidental changes to digital data. [ 1][ 2] Blocks of data entering these systems get a short check value attached, based on the remainder of a polynomial division of their contents.
However, generally they are considerably slower (typically by a factor 2–10) than fast, non-cryptographic random number generators. These include: Stream ciphers. Popular choices are Salsa20 or ChaCha (often with the number of rounds reduced to 8 for speed), ISAAC, HC-128 and RC4. Block ciphers in counter mode.
In cryptanalysis and computer security, password cracking is the process of guessing passwords [ 1] protecting a computer system. A common approach ( brute-force attack) is to repeatedly try guesses for the password and to check them against an available cryptographic hash of the password. [ 2] Another type of approach is password spraying ...
Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Redmond, Washington. [2] Its best-known software products are the Windows line of operating systems, the Microsoft 365 suite of productivity applications, the Azure cloud computing platform and the Edge web browser.
On April 25, 2005, Microsoft released Windows XP Professional x64 Edition and Windows Server 2003 x64 editions to support x86-64 (or simply x64), the 64-bit version of x86 architecture. Windows Vista was the first client version of Windows NT to be released simultaneously in IA-32 and x64 editions. As of 2024, x64 is still supported.
A magnetohydrodynamic generator ( MHD generator) is a magnetohydrodynamic converter that transforms thermal energy and kinetic energy directly into electricity. An MHD generator, like a conventional generator, relies on moving a conductor through a magnetic field to generate electric current. The MHD generator uses hot conductive ionized gas (a ...
UTF-8. UTF-8 is a variable-length character encoding standard used for electronic communication. Defined by the Unicode Standard, the name is derived from Unicode Transformation Format – 8-bit. [ 1] UTF-8 is capable of encoding all 1,112,064 [ a] valid Unicode code points using one to four one- byte (8-bit) code units.
The North American Free Trade Agreement ( NAFTA / ˈnæftə / NAF-tə; Spanish: Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte, TLCAN; French: Accord de libre-échange nord-américain, ALÉNA) was an agreement signed by Canada, Mexico, and the United States that created a trilateral trade bloc in North America. The agreement came into force on ...