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In one variation called the Darapsky degradation, [19] or Darapsky synthesis, a Curtius rearrangement takes place as one of the steps in the conversion of an α-cyanoester to an amino acid. Hydrazine is used to convert the ester to an acylhydrazine , which is reacted with nitrous acid to give the acyl azide.
Cyclohexylamine is used as an intermediate in synthesis of other organic compounds. It is the precursor to sulfenamide-based reagents used as accelerators for vulcanization. The amine itself is an effective corrosion inhibitor. It has been used as a flushing aid in the printing ink industry. [5]
The reaction mechanism for this reaction has been demonstrated to proceed through steps similar to those known for palladium catalyzed CC coupling reactions. Steps include oxidative addition of the aryl halide to a Pd(0) species, addition of the amine to the oxidative addition complex, deprotonation followed by reductive elimination .
The Bamberger rearrangement is the chemical reaction of phenylhydroxylamines with strong aqueous acid, which will rearrange to give 4-aminophenols. [1] It is named for the German chemist Eugen Bamberger (1857–1932).
The symmetrical structure [clarification needed] of α-phenyl propanamide does not change after Hofmann reaction. In the synthesis of gabapentin, beginning with the mono-amidation of 1,1-cyclohexane diacetic acid anhydride with ammonia to 1,1-cyclohexane diacetic acid mono-amide, followed by a Hofmann rearrangement [12]
The reaction product is a derivative of benzene. Scheme 1. Bergman cyclization. The reaction proceeds by a thermal reaction or pyrolysis (above 200 °C) forming a short-lived and very reactive para-benzyne biradical species. It will react with any hydrogen donor such as 1,4-cyclohexadiene which converts to benzene.
The Leuckart reaction is the chemical reaction that converts aldehydes or ketones to amines by reductive amination in the presence of heat. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The reaction, named after Rudolf Leuckart , uses either ammonium formate or formamide as the nitrogen donor and reducing agent . [ 3 ]
Beckmann reaction. The reaction mechanism for this reaction is based on a catalytic cycle with cyanuric chloride activating the hydroxyl group via a nucleophilic aromatic substitution. The reaction product is dislodged and replaced by new reactant via an intermediate Meisenheimer complex. Beckmann cyanuric acid cataly cycle