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Reading is the process of taking in the sense or meaning of letters, symbols, etc., especially by sight or touch. [1] [2] [3] [4]For educators and researchers, reading is a multifaceted process involving such areas as word recognition, orthography (spelling), alphabetics, phonics, phonemic awareness, vocabulary, comprehension, fluency, and motivation.
The Listening and Reading modules of the Oxford Test of English use computer-adaptive testing (CATs). Computer adaptive tests can be more efficient [11] and provide more precise measurement [12] than traditional tests. The adaptive test works by selecting each successive question from a large bank of questions, based on the test taker's ...
Phonemic awareness is a subset of phonological awareness that focuses specifically on recognizing and manipulating phonemes, the smallest units of sound. Phonics requires students to know and match letters or letter patterns with sounds, learn the rules of spelling, and use this information to decode (read) and encode (write) words.
Words per minute is a common metric for assessing reading speed and is often used in the context of remedial skills evaluation, as well as in the context of speed reading, where it is a controversial measure of reading performance. A word in this context is the same as in the context of speech. Research done in 2012 [ 9] measured the speed at ...
The Territory-wide System Assessment (TSA) is a territory-level assessment launched and administered by the Education Bureau (Chinese: 教育局) since 2004. The aims of the Territory-wide System Assessment is to objectively assess the basic learning competencies and learning progress of the students at different stages of learning.
The Cambridge English EFL Evaluation Unit was established in 1989 and was the first dedicated research unit of its kind. [43] This unit is now called the Research and Validation Group and is the largest dedicated research team of any English language assessment body. [44] Research is published in the Studies in Language Testing (SiLT) series.
Reading comprehensionis the ability to process written text, understandits meaning, and to integrate with what the reader already knows. [1][2][3][4]Reading comprehensionrelies on two abilities that are connected to each other: word reading and language comprehension.[5] Comprehension specifically is a "creative, multifaceted process" that is ...
Active listening is the practice of preparing to listen, observing what verbal and non-verbal messages are being sent, and then providing appropriate feedback for the sake of showing attentiveness to the message being presented. [ 1] Active listening is listening to understand. [ 2] This form of listening conveys a mutual understanding between ...