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The QR code system was invented in 1994, at the Denso Wave automotive products company, in Japan. The initial alternating-square design presented by the team of researchers, headed by Masahiro Hara, was influenced by the black counters and the white counters played on a Go board; the pattern of position detection was found and determined by applying the least-used ratio (1:1:3:1:1) in black ...
CIA cryptonyms are code names or code words used by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to refer to projects, operations, persons, agencies, etc. [1] [better source needed]
So for a rth order RM code, we have to decode iteratively r+1, times before we arrive at the final received code-word. Also, the values of the message bits are calculated through this scheme; finally we can calculate the codeword by multiplying the message word (just decoded) with the generator matrix.
Morse code is a method used in telecommunication to encode text characters as standardized sequences of two different signal durations, called dots and dashes, or dits and dahs. [3] [4] Morse code is named after Samuel Morse, one of the early developers of the system adopted for electrical telegraphy . International Morse code encodes the 26 ...
Convolutional code with any code rate can be designed based on polynomial selection; however, in practice, a puncturing procedure is often used to achieve the required code rate. Puncturing is a technique used to make a m/n rate code from a "basic" low-rate (e.g., 1/n) code. It is achieved by deleting of some bits in the encoder output.
Area Codes (Ludacris song) " Area Codes " is a song by the American hip hop recording artist Ludacris, released as the first single from his third album, Word of Mouf (2001). It features Nate Dogg. The song was originally released on the soundtrack to Rush Hour 2. The song's lyrics focus on U.S. telephone area codes that denote the location of ...
A telegraphic code painted on a Mogo (Motor car goods van) Great Western Railway telegraphic codes were a commercial telegraph code used to shorten the telegraphic messages sent between the stations and offices of the railway. The codes listed below are taken from the 1939 edition of the Telegraph Message Code book [1] unless stated otherwise.
Systematic code. In coding theory, a systematic code is any error-correcting code in which the input data are embedded in the encoded output. Conversely, in a non-systematic code the output does not contain the input symbols. Systematic codes have the advantage that the parity data can simply be appended to the source block, and receivers do ...