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Douglas Murray McGregor (September 6, 1906 – October 1, 1964) was an American management professor at the MIT Sloan School of Management and president of Antioch College from 1948 to 1954. [1] He also taught at the Indian Institute of Management Calcutta. His 1960 book The Human Side of Enterprise had a profound influence on education practices.
Theory X and Theory Y are theories of human work motivation and management. They were created by Douglas McGregor while he was working at the MIT Sloan School of Management in the 1950s, and developed further in the 1960s. [ 1 ] McGregor's work was rooted in motivation theory alongside the works of Abraham Maslow, who created the hierarchy of ...
Theory Z is a name for various theories of human motivation built on Douglas McGregor 's Theory X and Theory Y. Theories X, Y and various versions of Z have been used in human resource management, organizational behavior, organizational communication and organizational development. McGregor's Theory X states that workers inherently dislike and ...
An authoritarian leadership style is described as being as "leaders' behavior that asserts absolute authority and control over subordinates and [that] demands unquestionable obedience from subordinates." [1] Such a leader has full control of the team, leaving low autonomy within the group. The group is expected to complete the tasks under very ...
Maslow's hierarchy of needs. [edit] Maslow's hierarchy of needs, represented as a pyramid with the more basic needs at the bottom. Content theory of human motivation includes both Abraham Maslow 's hierarchy of needs and Herzberg 's two-factor theory. Maslow's theory is one of the most widely discussed theories of motivation.
Douglas McGregor proposed his X-Y theory in his 1960 book 'The Human Side Of Enterprise'. Theory X and Theory Y are still referred to commonly in the field of management and motivation. McGregor's ideas suggest that there are two fundamental approaches to managing people. Many managers tend towards theory x, and generally get poor results.
Douglas McGregor would study Scanlon's clients to develop his Theory Y vs Theory X. Scanlon Plans were considered one of the best ways to develop Theory Y. [4] Scanlon's work with the Admanson Company was featured in a Life Magazine article "Every man a Capitalist" by John Chamberlain, December 1946.
Douglas McGregor's Theory Y and Theory X can also be compared with these two leadership styles. Theory X can be compared with Transactional Leadership where managers need to rule by fear and consequences. In this style and theory, negative behavior is punished and employees are motivated through incentives.