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Literacy. v. t. e. Fountas & Pinnell reading levels (commonly referred to as "Fountas & Pinnell") are a proprietary system of reading levels developed by Irene Fountas and Gay Su Pinnell and published by Heinemann to support their Levelled Literacy Interventions (LLI) series of student readers and teacher resource products. [ 1]
Gay Su Pinnell. Gay Su Pinnell (born June 28, 1944) is an American educational theorist and a professor emerita at the School of Teaching and Learning at Ohio State University. She is best known for her work with Irene Fountas on literacy and guided reading, a teaching framework that laid the groundwork for the Fountas and Pinnell reading levels .
Guided Reading is a complex approach and teachers are essential in the development and execution of a Balanced Literacy program. A critical component of the Reading Workshop is text selection; it must be purposeful and have the needs of the learners in mind. According to Fountas and Pinnell, [6] as a teacher reads "a text in preparation for ...
Silver. ±10%. None. ±20%. The first letter of the color code is matched by order of increasing magnitude. The electronic color codes, in order, are: 0 = B lack. 1 = B rown. 2 = R ed.
Balanced literacy. Balanced literacy is a theory of teaching reading and writing the English language that arose in the 1990s and has a variety of interpretations. For some, balanced literacy strikes a balance between whole language and phonics and puts an end to the so called reading wars. Others say balanced literacy, in practice, usually ...
Compartments of information are identified by code words. This is one means by which the "need to know" principle is formally and automatically enforced. [citation needed] In order to have access to material in a particular SCI "compartment", the person must first have the clearance level for the material.
"The Flesch–Kincaid" (F–K) reading grade level was developed under contract to the U.S. Navy in 1975 by J. Peter Kincaid and his team. [1] Related U.S. Navy research directed by Kincaid delved into high-tech education (for example, the electronic authoring and delivery of technical information), [2] usefulness of the Flesch–Kincaid readability formula, [3] computer aids for editing tests ...
The codes are intended for use by air, ground, sea, and space operations personnel at the tactical level. Code words that are followed by an asterisk (*) may differ in meaning from NATO usage. There is a key provided below to describe what personnel use which codes, as codes may have multiple meanings depending on the service.