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Childbirth, also known as labour, parturition and delivery, is the completion of pregnancy where one or more babies exits the internal environment of the mother via vaginal delivery or caesarean section. [ 7] In 2019, there were about 140.11 million human births globally. [ 9] In the developed countries, most deliveries occur in hospitals, [ 10 ...
An assisted vaginal delivery ( AVD) or instrumental vaginal delivery occurs when a pregnant woman requires the use of special instruments such as forceps or a vacuum extractor to deliver her baby vaginally. [12] It is usually performed when the pregnancy does not progress during the second stage of labor.
In obstetrics, Leopold maneuvers are a common and systematic way to determine the position of a fetus inside the woman's uterus. They are named after the gynecologist Christian Gerhard Leopold. They are also used to estimate term fetal weight. [ 1] The maneuvers consist of four distinct actions, each helping to determine the position of the fetus.
Childbirth is divided into four stages. First stage of labor The first stage of labour involves the opening of the cervix. [12] In the early parts of this stage the cervix will become soft and thin thus preparing for the delivery of the baby. [12] The first stage of labour is complete when the cervix has dilated the full 10cm. [12]
Labor is separated into 4 stages. The first stage involves latent phase and active phase separated by the dilation of the cervix for 6 to 10 cm. The second stage is the pushing stage. The third stage involves the delivery of the placenta. And the last stage is the contraction of the uterus. [20]
A pregnancy may end in a live birth, a miscarriage, an induced abortion, or a stillbirth. Childbirthtypically occurs around 40 weeks from the start of the last menstrual period(LMP), a span known as the gestational age. [4][5]This is just over nine months. Counting by fertilization age, the length is about 38 weeks.
Emergency childbirth is the precipitous birth of an infant in an unexpected setting. In planned childbirth, mothers choose the location and obstetric team ahead of time. Options range from delivering at home, at a hospital, a medical facility or a birthing center. Sometimes, birth can occur on the way to these facilities, without a healthcare team.
Childbirth positions. Childbirth positions (or maternal birthing positions) [1] are the physical postures that the pregnant mother may assume during the process of childbirth. They may also be referred to as delivery positions or labor positions . In addition to the lithotomy position (on back with feet pulled up), still commonly used by many ...