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Audio-lingual method. The audio-lingual method or Army Method is a method used in teaching foreign languages. It is based on behaviorist theory, which postulates that certain traits of living things, and in this case humans, could be trained through a system of reinforcement. The correct use of a trait would receive positive feedback while ...
Community language learning. Community language learning ( CLL) is a language-teaching approach [1] focused on group-interest learning. It is based on the counselling-approach in which the teacher acts as a counselor and a paraphraser, while the learner is seen as a client and collaborator.
Communicative language teaching. Communicative language teaching ( CLT ), or the communicative approach ( CA ), is an approach to language teaching that emphasizes interaction as both the means and the ultimate goal of study. Learners in environments using communication to learn and practice the target language by interactions with one another ...
The direct method is also known as the natural method. It was developed as a reaction to the grammar-translation method and is designed to take the learner into the domain of the target language in the most natural manner. The main objective is to impart a perfect command of a foreign language. The main focus is to make the learner think in the ...
Language pedagogy. Language pedagogy is the discipline concerned with the theories and techniques of teaching language. It has been described as a type of teaching wherein the teacher draws from their own prior knowledge and actual experience in teaching language. [1] The approach is distinguished from research-based methodologies.
Task-based language teaching ( TBLT ), also known as task-based instruction ( TBI ), focuses on the use of authentic language to complete meaningful tasks in the target language. Such tasks can include visiting a doctor, conducting an interview, or calling customer service for help. Assessment is primarily based on task outcomes (the ...
Contrastive analysis was used extensively in the field of second language acquisition (SLA) in the 1960s and early 1970s, as a method of explaining why some features of a target language were more difficult to acquire than others. According to the behaviourist theories prevailing at the time, language learning was a question of habit formation ...
Charles Carpenter Fries (November 29, 1887 – December 8, 1967) was an American linguist and language teacher. Fries is considered the creator of the Aural-Oral method [1] (also erroneously called the Audio-Lingual method [2] ). He believed, along with Robert Lado, that language teaching and learning should be approached in a scientific way.