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The imperial examination was a civil service examination system in Imperial China administered for the purpose of selecting candidates for the state bureaucracy.The concept of choosing bureaucrats by merit rather than by birth started early in Chinese history, but using written examinations as a tool of selection started in earnest during the Sui dynasty [1] (581–618), then into the Tang ...
The Confucian court examination system in Vietnam ( Chữ Hán: 科榜越南, Vietnamese: Khoa bảng Việt Nam) was a system for entry into the civil service, which was modelled after the Imperial examination in China, based on knowledge of the classics and literary style from 1075 to 1919.
Văn Miếu ( Vietnamese: Văn Miếu, chữ Hán: 文廟 [1] [2] ), literally translated as Temple of Literature (although a more accurate name should be Temple of Confucius, as Văn refers to Confucius), is a temple dedicated to Confucius in Hanoi, northern Vietnam. The temple was founded and first built in 1070 at the time of Emperor Lý ...
Quang Trung also replaced the traditional Chinese script with the Vietnamese chữ Nôm as the official written language of the country. Examinees were ordered to write chữ Nôm in imperial examination. Though this policy was criticized at that time, modern scholars stated that it had progressive significance. [20]
Zhuangyuan, or trạng nguyên in Vietnamese, variously translated into English as principal graduate, primus, or optimus, [1] was the title given to the scholar who achieved the highest score on highest level of the Imperial examination, Metropolitan examination [] (in the Tang dynasty) and Palace examination [] (in the Song dynasty) [2] in ancient China and Vietnam.
The Imperial City ( Vietnamese: Hoàng thành; chữ Hán: 皇城) is a walled enclosure within the citadel ( Kinh thành; chữ Hán: 京城) of the city of Huế, the former imperial capital of Vietnam during the Nguyễn dynasty. It contains the palaces that housed the imperial family, as well as shrines, gardens, and villas for mandarins.
Temple of Literature, Hanoi, the temple hosts the Imperial Academy (Quốc Tử Giám, 國子監), Vietnam's first university. This is a list of universities in Vietnam.The public higher education system in Vietnam basically consists of 2 levels: university system (called đại học) and university (usually specialize in a fixed scientific field; called trường đại học).
Vietnamese in Latin script, called Chữ Quốc ngữ, is the currently-used script. It was first developed by Portuguese missionaries in the 17th century, based on the pronunciation of Portuguese language and alphabet. For 200 years, Chữ Quốc Ngữ was mainly used within the Catholic community. [47]