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2. Ray transfer matrix analysis - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_transfer_matrix_analysis

   The ray transfer equation thus becomes: [] = [], and this relates the parameters of the two rays as: = + = Another simple example is that of a thin lens . Its RTM is given by: L = [ 1 0 − 1 f 1 ] , {\displaystyle \mathbf {L} ={\begin{bmatrix}1&0\\-{\frac {1}{f}}&1\end{bmatrix}},} where f is the focal length of the lens.

3. Ray tracing (graphics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_tracing_(graphics)

   In 3D computer graphics, ray tracing is a technique for modeling light transport for use in a wide variety of rendering algorithms for generating digital images . On a spectrum of computational cost and visual fidelity, ray tracing-based rendering techniques, such as ray casting, recursive ray tracing, distribution ray tracing, photon mapping ...

4. Ray tracing (physics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_tracing_(physics)

   Ray tracing (physics) In physics, ray tracing is a method for calculating the path of waves or particles through a system with regions of varying propagation velocity, absorption characteristics, and reflecting surfaces. Under these circumstances, wavefronts may bend, change direction, or reflect off surfaces, complicating analysis.

5. Snell's law - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snell's_law

   Snell's law. Refraction of light at the interface between two media of different refractive indices, with n 2 > n 1. Since the velocity is lower in the second medium (v 2 < v 1 ), the angle of refraction θ 2 is less than the angle of incidence θ 1; that is, the ray in the higher-index medium is closer to the normal.

6. Möller–Trumbore intersection algorithm - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Möller–Trumbore...

   The Möller–Trumbore ray-triangle intersection algorithm, named after its inventors Tomas Möller and Ben Trumbore, is a fast method for calculating the intersection of a ray and a triangle in three dimensions without needing precomputation of the plane equation of the plane containing the triangle. [1] Among other uses, it can be used in ...

7. Rendering equation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rendering_equation

   The rendering equation describes the total amount of light emitted from a point x along a particular viewing direction, given a function for incoming light and a BRDF. In computer graphics, the rendering equation is an integral equation in which the equilibrium radiance leaving a point is given as the sum of emitted plus reflected radiance ...