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Rubber Bridge Scoring Above the line In rubber bridge, the location on the scorepad above the main horizontal line where extra points are entered; extra points are those awarded for holding honor cards in trumps, for bonuses for scoring game, small slam, grand slam or winning a rubber, for overtricks on the declaring side and for undertricks on the defending side and for fulfilling doubled or ...
Punched card. A punched card (also punch card [1] or punched-card [2]) is a piece of card stock that stores digital data using punched holes. Punched cards were once common in data processing and the control of automated machines . Punched cards were widely used in the 20th century, where unit record machines, organized into data processing ...
Contract bridge. Contract bridge, or simply bridge, is a plain trick-taking card game played with a standard 52-card deck. It is played by two pairs competing against each other, with the partners facing each other as in Whist . Millions of people play bridge worldwide in clubs, tournaments, online and socially, making it one of the world's ...
Card reading (Bridge) In contract bridge, card reading (or counting the hand) is the process of inferring which remaining cards are held by each opponent. The reading is based on information gained in the bidding and the play to previous tricks. [1] The technique is used by the declarer and defenders primarily to determine the probable suit ...
Bridge scoring consists of six to eight elements, depending on the variant. The method of accumulation of contract points toward a "game" varies, too. However, a "game" is always triggered when 100 contract points are reached, a "partial game" or "part-score" refers to 10 to 90 contract points, and once either side reaches a game, both sides ...
Punched card input/output. A computer punched card reader or just computer card reader is a computer input device used to read computer programs in either source or executable form and data from punched cards. A computer card punch is a computer output device that punches holes in cards. Sometimes computer punch card readers were combined with ...
A punched card is a flexible write-once medium that encodes data, most commonly 80 characters. Groups or "decks" of cards form programs and collections of data. The term is often used interchangeably with punch card, the difference being that an unused card is a "punch card," but once information had been encoded by punching holes in the card ...
Contract bridge probabilities. In the game of bridge mathematical probabilities play a significant role. Different declarer play strategies lead to success depending on the distribution of opponent's cards. To decide which strategy has highest likelihood of success, the declarer needs to have at least an elementary knowledge of probabilities.