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An X-ray generator generally contains an X-ray tube to produce the X-rays. Possibly, radioisotopes can also be used to generate X-rays. An X-ray tube is a simple vacuum tube that contains a cathode, which directs a stream of electrons into a vacuum, and an anode, which collects the electrons and is made of tungsten to evacuate the heat generated by the collision.
X-ray generators in the range 20–60 kV are used, which allow excitation of a broad range of atoms. The continuous spectrum consists of " bremsstrahlung " radiation: radiation produced when high-energy electrons passing through the tube are progressively decelerated by the material of the tube anode (the "target").
The Z Pulsed Power Facility, informally known as the Z machine or Z, [1] is the largest high frequency electromagnetic wave generator in the world and is designed to test materials in conditions of extreme temperature and pressure. It was originally called the PBFA-II and was created in 1985. Since its refurbishment in October 1996 [2] it has ...
Transformer, electromagnetic field, resonance. A Tesla coil is an electrical resonant transformer circuit designed by inventor Nikola Tesla in 1891. [1] It is used to produce high- voltage, low- current, high- frequency alternating-current electricity. [2] [3] Tesla experimented with a number of different configurations consisting of two, or ...
High-harmonic generation ( HHG) is a non-linear process during which a target (gas, plasma, solid or liquid sample) is illuminated by an intense laser pulse. Under such conditions, the sample will emit the high harmonics of the generation beam (above the fifth harmonic). Due to the coherent nature of the process, high-harmonics generation is a ...
Terahertz waves lie at the far end of the infrared band, just before the start of the microwave band. Terahertz radiation – also known as submillimeter radiation, terahertz waves, tremendously high frequency (THF), T-rays, T-waves, T-light, T-lux or THz – consists of electromagnetic waves within the ITU-designated band of frequencies from 0.3 to 3 terahertz (THz), although the upper ...
Lower energy x-rays, called orthovoltage X-rays, are used to treat cancers closer to the surface. [3] Megavoltage x-rays are preferred for the treatment of deep lying tumours as they are attenuated less than lower energy photons, and will penetrate further, with a lower skin dose. [4] [5] [6] Megavoltage X-rays also have lower relative ...
The Cockcroft–Walton ( CW) generator, or multiplier, is an electric circuit that generates a high DC voltage from a low-voltage AC or pulsing DC input. It was named after the British and Irish physicists John Douglas Cockcroft and Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton, who in 1932 used this circuit design to power their particle accelerator, performing ...
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