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  2. Alan Turing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Turing

    Alan Mathison Turing OBE FRS ( / ˈtjʊərɪŋ /; 23 June 1912 – 7 June 1954) was an English mathematician, computer scientist, logician, cryptanalyst, philosopher and theoretical biologist. [5] He was highly influential in the development of theoretical computer science, providing a formalisation of the concepts of algorithm and computation ...

  3. The Code-Breakers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Code-Breakers

    The Code-Breakers is a two-part (2x22') BBC World documentary on free open-source software (FOSS) and computer programming that started on BBC World TV on 10 May 2006. It investigates how poor countries are using FOSS applications for economic development , and includes stories and interviews from around the world.

  4. HandBrake - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HandBrake

    HandBrake is a free and open-source transcoder for digital video files. It was originally developed in 2003 by Eric Petit to make ripping DVDs to a data storage device easier. [3] HandBrake's backend contains comparatively little original code; the program is an integration of many third-party audio and video libraries, both codecs (such as ...

  5. Colossus computer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colossus_computer

    Colossus was a set of computers developed by British codebreakers in the years 1943–1945 [1] to help in the cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher. Colossus used thermionic valves (vacuum tubes) to perform Boolean and counting operations. Colossus is thus regarded [2] as the world's first programmable, electronic, digital computer, although it ...

  6. Password cracking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_cracking

    In cryptanalysis and computer security, password cracking is the process of guessing passwords [1] protecting a computer system. A common approach ( brute-force attack) is to repeatedly try guesses for the password and to check them against an available cryptographic hash of the password. [2] Another type of approach is password spraying, which ...

  7. Software cracking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_cracking

    Software cracking (known as "breaking" mostly in the 1980s [1]) is an act of removing copy protection from a software. [2] Copy protection can be removed by applying a specific crack. A crack can mean any tool that enables breaking software protection, a stolen product key, or guessed password. Cracking software generally involves circumventing ...

  8. Cryptanalysis of the Enigma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptanalysis_of_the_Enigma

    The Enigma machine was used commercially from the early 1920s and was adopted by the militaries and governments of various countries—most famously, Nazi Germany. Cryptanalysis of the Enigma ciphering system enabled the western Allies in World War II to read substantial amounts of Morse-coded radio communications of the Axis powers that had ...

  9. Computer programming - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programming

    Computer programming or coding is the composition of sequences of instructions, called programs, that computers can follow to perform tasks. It involves designing and implementing algorithms, step-by-step specifications of procedures, by writing code in one or more programming languages.